Local News

Need for speed: why some speedometers lag behind reality

Published

6 months ago

22 November 2023

Liam

Need for speed: why some speedometers lag behind reality

UNSW

A UNSW road safety expert breaks down the truth about why speedo readings can be different from GPS measurements.

Have you ever noticed how sometimes the display on your vehicle’s speedometer is different from the speed shown on the navigation app on your phone?

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You’re not alone. And it’s all to do with ADRs.

The Australian Design Rules (ADRs) – set by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications, and the Arts – are the national standards for road safety and specify how a car should be designed and made fit for purpose when it’s sold in Australia.

According to the ADRs, car manufacturers are prohibited from under-reporting a vehicle’s speed. As a result, vehicle manufacturers often calibrate the speedometers at the factory so that it reads above the actual real speed of the car.

Road safety expert, Emeritus Professor Michael Regan, says most manufacturers do this to avoid any chance whatsoever the car might be travelling at a speed that is higher than the reading on the dashboard.

“ADRs require a speedo tolerance of zero per cent under to 10 per cent above the actual speed, so manufacturers typically set it at about five per cent over,” Prof. Regan says.

“This means the speedo is likely to read 100 kilometres per hour when, in actual fact, your real speed is 95 kilometres per hour.”

What determines your speedometer reading

The displayed speed that you’re travelling on the road is determined by the vehicle’s tyres, says Prof. Regan.

“Speedometers are calibrated to read based on the rate of revolution of the car’s power train. This, in turn, depends on the tyres and it’s usually on a set of new tyres of a certain circumference,” he says.

“When the manufacturer carries out speed calibration tests, they’re based on brand new tyres.

“But over time, as the tyres experience normal wear and tear, they get smaller in circumference. This changes the accuracy of the reading of the speedometer – again showing a higher speed than the actual speed.

“So if you’ve had tyres on your car for a long time, and the tread on the tyre wears away over time, that means that the wheels are revolving faster than they would be if your car was fitted with brand new tyres.

“So as your tyres get older, your speedo actually overestimates your speed so you might think you’re going faster than you actually are. In any case, if the tyres are worn enough to make a noticeable change to the speedo reading then it is likely time to replace them.”

What about my speed on my GPS?

Many drivers use mobile navigation apps which also measure and display the speed being travelled within the interface.

But unlike the speedometer, these apps take advantage of global positioning satellite (GPS) technology to calculate speed by determining the time taken to travel a given distance.

As a result, the GPS speed is often hailed as being more accurate than the car’s speedo, says Prof. Regan.

“While there may be a very short time lag as the GPS calculations re-adjust, it’s so insignificant that drivers probably won’t notice it,” he says.

“If you’re driving on a flat, straight road, the GPS is likely to be more accurate than what’s displayed on your speedo.

“However, if you’re going up or down a steep hill, the actual speed (for example, as measured by Police mobile radar) will usually be greater than the GPS value but proportional to the steepness of the road you’re travelling on.

“It is the change in elevation, relative to the GPS satellites circling above, that results in the error. Horizontal bends do not affect it.

“In theory a clever GPS device could account for the road steepness and adjust the displayed speed so it is more accurate. However, this is a relatively rare situation and there is no strong justification for navigation devices to make this adjustment. Drivers should just bear this factor in mind when driving on steep roads.

“To be absolutely sure how fast you’re driving, you need to know how much the car’s speedo is out by.”

So why don’t vehicle manufacturers use the GPS navigation system that is inside virtually all modern cars to calibrate the speedometer more accurately?

Prof. Regan says current regulations do not require or encourage it.

“In the future, I hope this changes, because drivers would want the most accurate reading to know how fast they’re actually going. This feature could also automatically adjust for tyre wear and replacement tyres.”

Radar speed feedback signs

Radar speed signs are used for traffic management of road projects or in school zones and display your speed as you approach and drive past.

If you’re driving at or below the speed limit, you’ll often be rewarded with a smiley face or your speed displayed on the screen. However, if you’re driving over the speed limit, a sad face or sign telling you to slow down usually appears.

Radar speed feedback signs use radar systems to measure the time taken between the sending and receiving of the radar signals from a car at one point and this time difference is converted into distance.

The process is repeated again, and the radar speed signs calculate the new distance. The speed is calculated based on the two different distances and this is then displayed on the sign.

Prof. Regan says some drivers may find that the detected speed can be different from the one showing on their speedometer.

“It’s just the way they’re set – just like how our car’s speedo is usually higher than the GPS speed,” he says.

“These radar speed signs serve as a reminder for us to assess our speed as we approach areas with changing conditions – especially near zones where there may be more construction workers using the road.

“In some studies, radar speed signs have been shown to be highly effective in reducing speeds and increasing the number vehicles adhering to the speed limit in the areas installed.

“The public nature of having your speed displayed for everyone to see makes you more accountable.”

A UNSW road safety expert breaks down the truth about why speedometers readings can be different from GPS measurements.

A UNSW road safety expert breaks down the truth about why speedo readings can be different from GPS measurements.

Intelligent Speed Adaptation

Prof. Regan says the important next step in car safety technology is implementing intelligent speed assistance (ISA) systems, which have been shown in numerous studies to be highly effective in reducing speeding, and speed-related crashes.

ISA relies on GPS and/or built-in cameras on the car to detect and read traffic signs and lets the driver know in real-time what the speed limit is. ISA systems come in two basic forms. Advisory ISA systems can issue a warning to the driver if they exceed the speed limit. Such systems have been in existence for more than two decades.

“More advanced limiting ISA systems can physically prevent the vehicle from exceeding the posted speed limit; like a conventional speed limiter, but a more intelligent one,” he says.

“Like adaptive cruise control, the driver is always in control and can easily override the ISA system.

“This is just another example of how systems can be implemented to improve road safety because the reality is that sometimes drivers can become distracted and miss changes in speed signs, or simply not realise that their speed has creeped up.”

Through its star safety rating system, the Australasian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP) has encouraged fitment of these speed assistance systems for more than a decade, and assesses vehicles based on the presence of ISA and its performance.

But ANCAP is a voluntary program and there is no equivalent requirement in the mandatory ADRs.

From July 2022, the European Road Safety Charter made it mandatory for all new models of vehicles entering the European market to be fitted with advisory ISA.

Prof. Regan says: “Europe is leading the way in this area by implementing this new rule.

“If Australia wants to get more serious about road safety, we need to bring this system to the market permanently.”

Speeding is never safe

Each year, speeding contributes to about 41 per cent of road fatalities and 24 per cent of serious injuries in New South Wales alone.

Prof. Regan says that just because our speedometers are calibrated to overstate our speed, this does not give the green light for drivers to engage in excessive speeding.

“All drivers must obey the road signs to ensure the safety of all drivers and pedestrians who use the road,” he says.

“I think most people don’t realise that driving even a couple of kilometres over the speed limit greatly increases the risk of a serious crash, which can have devastating consequences.

“For example, half of all serious crashes involving a vehicle travelling at five kilometres per house over the speed limit would been avoided, or would not have resulted in injuries or fatalities, if that vehicle had been travelling at the speed limit.”

For more motoring news, click here.

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Local News

Why Travel Should Be an Essential Human Activity

Published

3 days ago

15 May 2024

Liam

Why Travel Should Be an Essential Human Activity

In our increasingly globalised world, travel is often seen as a luxury, an indulgence reserved for the few who can afford the time and expense. However, travel holds intrinsic value beyond mere leisure, playing a crucial role in personal development, cultural understanding, and even mental health. Travel should be considered an essential human activity, integral to our development as individuals and as a society.

Expanding Perspectives

One of the most profound benefits of travel is its ability to expand personal perspectives. Encountering places that differ from our home environment challenges our preconceived notions about the world and our place within it. It introduces us to new ways of living, thinking, and interacting, which can lead to greater empathy and understanding across cultural divides. This broadening of perspectives is not just beneficial on a personal level but is essential in developing global cooperation and peace.

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Enhancing Adaptability and Problem-Solving Skills

Travel often involves navigating unexpected situations, whether it’s dealing with a language barrier, finding your way in a new city, or managing different currency systems. These challenges require adaptability and problem-solving skills. Over time, travellers develop a knack for thinking on their feet and adapting to new circumstances quickly and efficiently. These skills are incredibly valuable in both personal and professional contexts, making individuals more capable and resilient.

Boosting Mental Health

The mental health benefits of travel are significant and well-documented. Breaking away from the daily grind can reduce stress and prevent burnout, which is increasingly common in our fast-paced, always-connected lives. Moreover, exposure to natural beauty—such as mountains, beaches, and forests—has been shown to boost mood and improve mental health. The stimulation of new experiences can also reignite creativity and passion, which are often stifled by routine.

Developing Human Connections

Travel connects us with people from all walks of life. These connections can be profoundly enriching, offering insights into the lives of others and forging bonds that often last a lifetime. Whether it’s a conversation with a local artisan about their craft or a shared meal with fellow travellers, these interactions deepen our understanding of humanity and the threads that connect us, despite our apparent differences.

Supporting Economic Development

From a practical standpoint, travel is a significant economic driver in many parts of the world. It supports local economies by creating jobs, promoting local crafts and cuisines, and fostering a better understanding among different cultures. For many communities, tourism is a primary source of income and a vital part of their economic stability. Responsible travel can help distribute wealth more evenly and support sustainable development.

Educational Value

Travel is profoundly educational, not just in a formal sense but in the everyday learning that comes from being in a new place. This type of education is experiential and immersive, teaching history, geography, sociology, and economics in ways that books and classrooms cannot match. For children and adults alike, travel can complement traditional education, providing real-world contexts to theoretical knowledge.

Preserving Cultural Heritage

When done respectfully, travel can play a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage. Tourists’ interest often helps fund the maintenance of sites of historical and cultural significance, which might otherwise deteriorate. Moreover, by appreciating different cultures, travellers can contribute to a broader respect and understanding of these traditions and histories, ensuring they are valued and preserved for future generations.

The Necessity of Accessible Travel

Recognising the importance of travel should also lead us to consider accessibility. Ensuring that people from all economic backgrounds have the opportunity to travel is essential. Programs that facilitate youth travel, scholarships, and affordable travel options can help make the benefits of travel accessible to more people. Moreover, improving accessibility for travellers with disabilities is also crucial, ensuring that travel is truly inclusive.

Conclusion

Travel is much more than an escape from everyday life. It is a vital human activity that enriches our lives in countless ways, from personal growth and mental health to economic benefits and cultural preservation. As the world becomes more interconnected, the importance of travel as a tool for understanding and cooperation cannot be overstated. By promoting and facilitating travel, we can foster a more informed, connected, and empathetic world. Thus, travel should not only be considered essential but encouraged as a fundamental aspect of human activity.

For more travel news, click here.

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Local News

Top Romantic Getaways to Explore with Your Partner

Published

3 days ago

15 May 2024

Liam

Top Romantic Getaways to Explore with Your Partner

Planning a holiday with your partner can be an exciting endeavour, especially when it involves discovering new places together. From charming beach retreats to cosy mountain hideaways, the world is full of romantic destinations. Here are some of the most enchanting top romantic getaways to consider for your next couple’s escape with your partner.

Santorini, Greece

With its whitewashed buildings, stunning sunsets, and crystal-clear waters, Santorini is the epitome of romance. This island in the Aegean Sea offers breath taking views from cliff-top villages like Oia and Fira. Couples can enjoy a sunset cruise, indulge in gourmet dining with a view, or simply relax on the volcanic beaches. The unique blend of natural beauty and luxurious accommodations makes Santorini a top choice for a romantic getaway.

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Kyoto, Japan

Kyoto, once the capital of Japan, is a city of serene beauty, making it perfect for couples who appreciate culture and tranquillity. The city is renowned for its classical Buddhist temples, as well as gardens, imperial palaces, and traditional wooden houses. Strolling through the Arashiyama Bamboo Grove or enjoying the cherry blossoms in Maruyama Park can be magical experiences. For an unforgettable evening, dine at a riverside restaurant in Pontocho, where you can savour traditional Kyoto cuisine.

Paris, France

No list of romantic destinations would be complete without mentioning Paris. Known as the “City of Love,” Paris is ideal for couples looking to immerse themselves in a city rich with history, art, and romance. From the iconic Eiffel Tower to the charming cafes of Montmartre, there is no shortage of romantic spots. Couples can enjoy a leisurely boat ride on the Seine, visit the Louvre, or simply enjoy a croissant at a sidewalk cafe.

Venice, Italy

Venice is a fairy-tale city built on water, offering a unique romantic experience. The best way to explore is by getting lost in its labyrinth of alleys and canals. A gondola ride through these waterways, under the stone-arched bridges, makes for an iconic romantic activity. Be sure to visit Piazza San Marco, enjoy a coffee at the historic Caffè Florian, and admire the stunning views from the top of the Campanile.

Banff, Canada

For couples who love the great outdoors, Banff National Park in Alberta is a perfect destination. The park offers some of the world’s most breath taking wilderness scenery. Couples can explore its numerous lakes, such as the famous Lake Louise, and enjoy activities like hiking, skiing, or relaxing in natural hot springs. Staying in a cosy cabin or a luxurious resort, Banff provides a wonderful mix of adventure and relaxation.

Maldives

The Maldives is synonymous with luxury romantic travel. This tropical paradise offers stunning overwater bungalows, pristine beaches, and crystal-clear waters. Couples can snorkel or dive among vibrant coral reefs, enjoy spa treatments, or simply relax on the private deck of their villa. The Maldives is ideal for those looking to escape to a secluded, intimate environment.

Cape Town, South Africa

Cape Town is a vibrant city that offers a mix of cultures, cuisines, and landscapes, making it an exciting destination for couples. You can visit the picturesque Cape Winelands, enjoy a cable car ride to the top of Table Mountain, or explore the historic Robben Island. The city’s stunning beaches and vibrant nightlife also provide plenty of opportunities for romantic outings.

Florence, Italy

Florence, the birthplace of the Renaissance, is a city that oozes romance through its art, architecture, and ambiance. Couples can explore the Uffizi Gallery to see some of the world’s most famous artworks, stroll through the Boboli Gardens, or climb to the top of the Duomo for spectacular city views. The charming streets of Florence are perfect for evening walks followed by a dinner featuring Tuscan cuisine.

Queenstown, New Zealand

Queenstown is a dream destination for adventurous couples. Set against the dramatic backdrop of the Southern Alps, it’s known for its adventure sports and stunning scenery. Couples can enjoy bungee jumping, jet boating, or skiing, depending on the season. For a more relaxed experience, take a scenic cruise on Lake Wakatipu or sample some of the excellent local wines.

Bruges, Belgium

Bruges, with its medieval architecture and picturesque canals, feels like a scene from a romantic movie. Couples can explore the city on a canal boat tour, sample Belgian chocolates and waffles, or simply wander through cobbled streets and market squares. The peaceful atmosphere of Bruges makes it a perfect getaway for couples seeking a slower-paced vacation.

Conclusion

Choosing the right destination can turn a simple holiday into an unforgettable romantic journey. Whether you’re seeking adventure, relaxation, culture, or just a change of scenery, these destinations offer a wealth of experiences that can cater to any couple’s interests. Remember, the most important part is enjoying the time spent with each other, discovering new places, and making memories that will last a lifetime.

For more travel news, click here.

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Lismore News

Saffin secures one-off grant for Thistles’ shower cubicles project

Published

3 days ago

15 May 2024

Liam

Saffin secures one-off grant for Thistles’ shower cubicles project

LISMORE MP Janelle Saffin has helped secure a one-off grant towards Lismore Thistles Soccer Club Incorporated’s project to construct and install six lockable shower cubicles at its East Lismore clubhouse.

Ms Saffin, who championed the club’s priority project, thanked NSW Minister for Sport Steve Kamper MP for approving the $15,710 (ex GST) grant under the NSW Government’s 2023-24 Project Support Program recently.

Ms Saffin said Thistles would engage a local contractor to build the six cubicles – three for home teams and three for away or visiting teams – promoting safe and diverse participation for girls and women.

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“The fact that the club owns this site rather than leases it from Lismore City Council has meant they do not qualify for infrastructure repairs or rebuilds under normal disaster funding arrangements,” Ms Saffin said.

“Thistles is a very proactive club but having its clubhouse and fields located in a low-lying area, has meant that it has had to wear the costs of fixing damage caused by the devastating floods of February and March 2022.

“This is one of those small sporting infrastructure projects which will make a big difference to players.

“I thank club officials for their innovative and inclusive approach, particularly Grants Officer Dr Pascal Scherrer.”

Lismore Thistles Soccer Club President Tina Cotroneo said: “This grant is going to make such a difference for players having their own space to shower and relax after a game in a more private environment!

“Our goal at Thistles is to provide a fun, safe and enjoyable sporting environment that encourages all members to reach their full potential.

“This grant supports our efforts to encourage inclusion, provide a safe sporting environment and foster the growing participation of women and girls in football.

“Thank you again to all involved in the process.”

For more sports news, click here.

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