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Funding for early screening and improved treatments for deadly lung disease

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Funding for early screening and improved treatments for deadly lung disease

A Monash University-led quest to improve early screening and detection of silicosis, an incurable and deadly occupational lung disease caused by breathing in silica dust, has received a welcome boost.

Associate Professor Jane Bourke, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute’s (BDI) Head of Respiratory Pharmacology, has been awarded funding totalling $416,000 across two research projects on silicosis.

The first reported case of engineered stone-induced silicosis in Australia was in 2015, rising to more than 600 cases by 2022. It is expected that there will eventually be more than 100,000 cases of silicosis across Australia.

Silicosis affects an estimated one in four engineered stoneworkers, as well as miners and tunnellers. When they cut, crush, drill or polish materials that contain silica, such as engineered stone benchtops or natural sandstone, this generates crystalline silica dust. The silica particles are so small that they lodge deep in the lungs and cause inflammation and irreversible scarring in the lungs, which results in declining lung function.

The first project, awarded by the Victorian Medical Research Acceleration Fund (VMRAF) for $93,500 in 2023, will look at early screening of people to see if they have chemical signatures representing silicosis. The second, funded by the Dust Diseases Board of NSW (DDB) through icare for $322,500 across 2023-2025, is for testing of therapeutic agents which can ameliorate or prevent progression of lung scarring characteristic of silicosis.

“At present, only people with symptoms are presenting to hospitals, which means many more may be developing disease, but not know about it,” Associate Professor Bourke says. “That’s why early detection in the workplace is so important.

“What usually happens during a disease process involving inhaled foreign substances is that immune system cells in the body can detect and destroy them. Unfortunately, this defence mechanism isn’t helpful when exposed to silica dust because silica cannot be destroyed or removed. Silica remains in the lungs and causes constant and persistent inflammation and lung scarring. What we’re planning to do is obtain a unique biochemical profile of this response to silica, to develop a signature of ‘biomarkers’ in exhaled breath.

“We want to make sure that workers are aware of the dangers of silica dust and provide them with the best chance to catch potential lung disease early, before irreversible damage has occurred.”

Having a non-invasive test that is simple to administer would enable population-based screening programs, a critical next step in dealing with silicosis. So too is having therapeutics which can reverse lung scarring caused by the disease.

Associate Professor Bourke’s research project is one of those selected for funding by the DDB to investigate various potential therapeutic agents for silicosis. Annually, the DDB, through icare, funds research and other activities into the causes, mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of dust diseases with the aim to reduce the risk of dust diseases and improve outcomes for those whose lives are impacted.

“In silicosis, the inhaled silica particles cause irritation and damage when they lodge deep in the lungs,” Associate Professor Bourke said. “The body then generates collagen, which damages the lungs and goes on to form scar tissue, or fibrosis, and eventually, lung function is compromised. We plan to test a number of drugs to reverse the scarring, so there won’t be a fatal build-up of scar tissue.”

Associate Professor Bourke said that her research team had developed a model for specifically testing silicosis drugs in human tissue.

“We will take microscopic slices of tissue from human lungs, donated but not used for transplantation,” she said. “We will expose them to silica dust and inflammatory protein cocktails found in the lungs of silicosis patients to cause lung damage and scarring. This will mimic the environment in the silicotic lung. Then, excitingly, we can test two anti-fibrotic drugs (already approved and shown to be effective in another lung disease) and two promising novel in-house drugs to target inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis.”

Professor Rob Widdop, Head of the Department of Pharmacology at the Monash BDI, collaborates with Associate Professor Bourke on other lung-related projects. “It is imperative that effective diagnostics and treatments for this crippling lung disease are developed,” he said. “Jane has not only been at the forefront of research in this area for many years, but she has also worked closely and extensively with those impacted by the disease, advocating for sector-wide changes.”

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Northern Rivers health workers up for awards

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Northern Rivers health workers up for awards

By Tim Howard

Staff from Northern NSW Local Health District have been named as finalists for the 2024 NSW Health Awards for their extraordinary efforts to improve the NSW public health system.

Now in its 26th year, the awards acknowledge the personalised, sustainable, and digitally enabled programs that contribute to the wellbeing of patients and the community.

The Rheumatic Heart Disease Project and the Rural Paediatric Complex Care Coordination Project are among 42 finalists from across the state competing for the Excellence in Aboriginal Healthcare Award and Health Innovation Award, respectively.

The Rheumatic Heart Disease Project  aims to address the significant public health issue of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) and RHD among Aboriginal communities in Northern NSW.

The project was led by Aboriginal Health Nurse Manager Emma-Jane Davies and supported by Robin Auld, Sally Adams and Daniel Ashton, with valuable advice and advocacy from Aboriginal Medical Service partners, in particular Scott Monaghan from Bulgarr Ngaru Medical Aboriginal Corporation.

The Rural Paediatric Complex Care Coordination Project improves care coordination for regional NSW children, reduces family costs and disruptions, and improves outcomes for families in regional NSW.

This is a joint project with Northern NSW, Murrumbidgee, Southern NSW and Western NSW local health districts, together with the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network.

Rheumatic Heart Disease Project team members, from left, Tracy Bradshaw (Aboriginal Health Worker, Chronic Care for Aboriginal People), Sasha Harrington (Aboriginal Health Engagement and Governance Manage), Daniel Ashton (Aboriginal Health Performance and Project Analyst), Emma-Jane Davies (Nurse Manager Aboriginal Health) and Kirsty Glanville (executive director Aboriginal Health, NNSWLHD).

Northern NSW Local Health District also partnered with Justice Health, the Forensic Mental Health Network, NSW Health Pathology and NSW Health in the NSW Dried Blood Spot Validation Study that has been named a finalist in the Health Innovation Award.

This project is the first of its kind, and aims to make dried blood spot testing a standard diagnostic tool and, if successful, will change how testing is offered for people at risk of hepatitis C.

NNSWLHD chief executive Tracey Maisey praised the achievements of local finalists who have been recognised for their passion and commitment.

“I am thrilled to congratulate our NNSWLHD staff on having their outstanding contributions to our health system recognised,” Ms Maisey said.

NSW Health secretary Susan Pearce AM said it is really exciting to celebrate the people and teams who are enriching health in millions of ways every day.

“These awards are a chance to recognise our incredible healthcare staff and volunteers, across the public health system,” Ms Pearce said.

“I congratulate the finalists, but I also want to acknowledge the work being done across the system every day, by our teams of doctors, nurses, midwives, allied health and support staff.”

NSW Health received 186 nominations across the 12 award categories.

The finalists and winners will be celebrated at the NSW Health Awards ceremony, which will be held on Thursday, October 24 at the International Convention Centre in Sydney.

It will also be livestreamed from 6pm.

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Forty per cent of women from Northern NSW overdue for breast screening

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Forty per cent of women from Northern NSW overdue for breast screening

By Ian Rogers

This Breast Cancer Awareness Month, women aged 50-74 in the Northern NSW Local Health District are being encouraged to schedule a free mammogram, as over 40% (44.7%) of women in the region are overdue for their biannual breast cancer screening.

Patrick Magee, Acting Director of BreastScreen NSW’s North Coast Screening and Assessment Service, emphasized that with around 300 local women expected to be diagnosed with breast cancer this year, now is the time to book a free, potentially life-saving breast screen.

“For women aged 50-74, a breast screen every two years is still the best way to detect breast cancer early – before it can be seen or felt,” Mr Magee said.

“If you’re aged 50 – 74, make breast screening a priority. It only takes 20 minutes and no doctor’s referral is needed.”

This Breast Cancer Awareness Month, BreastScreen NSW is urging women to “Be A Friend, Tell A Friend” about the importance of regular mammograms. The campaign encourages women to spread the word through conversation and social media, reminding friends, family, and colleagues to prioritize breast cancer screenings.

Professor Tracey O’Brien AM, NSW Chief Cancer Officer and CEO of the Cancer Institute NSW, highlighted that early detection is key: when breast cancer is found in its earliest stages, the five-year survival rate is 98 percent. However, this drops to 43.9 percent when the cancer has spread to other organs.

“More than 6500 women in NSW are expected to receive a breast cancer diagnosis this year, and 1,000 women are expected to lose their lives to the disease in 2024, so we need to do everything we can to support women and encourage them to book in a life-saving breast screen,” Professor O’Brien said.

“Early detection not only significantly increases a person’s chance of survival it can also greatly reduce the need for invasive treatment like a mastectomy.

“I know how hard it can be to block out time for yourself. Unfortunately, breast cancer doesn’t wait, so I encourage all eligible women to stop and put themselves first – for themselves and their family.”

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, with age and gender being the biggest risk factors—family history is not the primary concern.

Women aged 50-74 are advised to have a breast screen every two years. BreastScreen NSW also recommends that Aboriginal women begin screening at 40, as research indicates they are more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age, with more advanced cancer at diagnosis and poorer survival rates compared to the general female population.

Any woman who notices changes in her breasts, such as a lump, should consult her doctor immediately.

For more information and to make an appointment at a local BreastScreen NSW clinic or mobile van, call 13 20 50 or book online at www.breastscreen.nsw.gov.au.

For more information about the Be A Friend Tell A Friend promotion visit here.

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Breast Cancer Awareness Month

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Breast Cancer Awareness Month

The Honorable Aileen MacDonald has reminded the public that October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month.

Ms. MacDonald emphasised the importance of supporting the National Breast Cancer Foundation during this time, as breast cancer remains the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia, claiming the lives of nine people each day.

“The aim of Breast Cancer Awareness Month is to shine a light on the devastating impact breast cancer has on thousands of Australians each day,” Ms MacDonald said.

“The statistics are alarming. Every year more than 21,000 people in Australia, including around 200 men, will be diagnosed with breast cancer,” she said.

“It saddens me that every year more than 3,300 people in Australia, including 33 men, will die from breast cancer.”

Ms. MacDonald encouraged everyone to undergo screenings, as early detection significantly improves the chances of successful treatment for breast cancer confined to the breast.

“If you experience any symptoms such as lumps, dimples, discharge or discolouration, head to your doctor for further examination,” she said.

For further information Ms MacDonald said visit the National Breast Cancer Foundation website.

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