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Health News

A study that showed changes in the brain in those at risk of developing bipolar disorder raises new hope about early intervention.

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NSW Northern Rivers Breaking News
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A study that showed changes in the brain in those at risk of developing bipolar disorder raises new hope about early intervention.

A brain imaging study of young people at high risk of developing bipolar disorder has for the first time found evidence of weakening connections between key areas of the brain in late adolescence.
Up until now, medical researchers knew that bipolar disorder was associated with reduced communication between brain networks that are involved with emotional processing and thinking, but how these networks developed prior to the condition was a mystery.
Today in a study published in The American Journal of Psychiatry, researchers from UNSW Sydney, the Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), the University of Newcastle and international institutions showed evidence of these networks diminishing over time in young adults at high genetic risk of developing bipolar disorder – which has important implications for future intervention strategies.
The researchers used diffusion-weighted magnetic imaging (dMRI) technology to scan the brains of 183 individuals over a two-year period. They examined the progressive changes in the brain scans of people with high genetic risk of developing the condition over a two year period, before comparing them with a control group of people with no risk.
People with a parent or sibling who has bipolar disorder are considered high genetic risk, and are 10 times more likely to develop the condition than people without the close family link. In the brain image scans of 97 people with high genetic risk of bipolar disorder, the researchers noted a decrease in connectivity between regions of the brain devoted to emotion processing and cognition between the two scans during the two years between scans.
But in the control group of 86 people with no family history of mental illness, they observed the opposite: strengthening in the neural connections between these same regions, when the adolescent brain matures to become more adept at the cognitive and emotional reasoning required in adulthood.
Scientia Professor Philip Mitchell AM, a practising academic psychiatrist with UNSW Medicine & Health, says the findings raise new ideas about treatment and intervention in bipolar disorder developing in young people with a higher risk.
“Our study really helps us understand the pathway for people at risk of bipolar,” he says.
“We now have a much clearer idea of what’s happening in the brains of young people as they grow up.”
Prof. Mitchell says that being a clinician as well as a researcher, he sees first-hand how young people can have their lives suddenly turned upside down when they experience their first manic episode.
“We see a lot of bright, capable kids really enjoying life and then bipolar disorder can be a huge impediment to what they want to achieve.
“With our new knowledge about what actually happens in the brain as at-risk teenagers approach adulthood, we have the opportunity to develop new intervention strategies to either stop the condition in its tracks, or reduce the impact of the illness.”

Mental image
Professor Michael Breakspear, who led the team at HMRI and the University of Newcastle that carried out the analysis of the dMRI scans, says the study illustrates how advances in technology can potentially bring about life-changing improvements to the way that mental illnesses can be treated.
“The relatives of people with bipolar disorder – especially the siblings and children – often ask about their own future risk, and this is a question of high personal concern,” he says.
“It’s also an issue for their doctors, as the presence of bipolar disorder has important medication implications.
“This study is an important step in having imaging and genetic tests we can perform to help identify those likely to develop bipolar disorder, before they develop disabling and stressing symptoms of the disorder. This would bring psychiatry closer to other branches of medicine where screening tests are part of standard care.”
The researchers stress that more research is needed before changes are made to current modes of treatment. It also would not be practical, nor cheap, for all people with a genetic risk of developing bipolar disorder to have brain scans to see if the brain is showing signs of weakened connections.
“The significant finding of our study is that there is progressive change in the brains of young people with risk of bipolar which suggests how important intervention strategies might be,” says Prof. Mitchell.
“If we can get in early, whether that’s training in psychological resilience, or maybe medications, then we may be able to prevent this progression towards major changes in the brain.”
Dr. Gloria Roberts, a postdoctoral researcher working primarily on the project since 2008 with UNSW Medicine & Health, has seen how new onsets of mental illness in youth at risk of developing bipolar disorder can significantly impact psychosocial functioning and quality of life.
“By advancing our understanding of the neurobiology of risk as well as resilience in these high-risk individuals we have the opportunity to intervene and improve the quality of life in individuals who are most at-risk.”
As a result of the new findings, the researchers are planning to do a third follow-up scan of participants in the study. They are also in the early stages of developing online programs that assist in the development of resilience while providing young people with skills in managing anxiety and depression, which they hope will reduce their chances of developing bipolar disorder.

Health News

Specialist mental health service for new parents opens in Lismore

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CEO Gidget Foundation Australia Arabella Gibson, NSW Minister for Mental Health Rose Jackson, Lismore MP Janelle Saffin, Gidget Angel Kaiden Powell and Tresillian operations manager Rachael McLean at the opening of Gidget House in Lismore.
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Specialist mental health service for new parents opens in Lismore

 

By Sarah Waters

New and expecting parents in the Northern Rivers will now have access to free specialised mental health care as they navigate their journey through parenthood.

Last Friday, Gidget House officially opened at Tresillian Lismore Family Care Centre to support parents struggling with perinatal depression and anxiety.

Gidget House provides year-long, free individual psychological counselling services and holistic care delivered face-to face and via telehealth.

New data from Gidget Foundation Australia reveals one in two parents living in regional NSW lack both emotional and practical support from their family and friends.

A quarter of parents in regional NSW also needed the most support between 3-12 months after the birth of their child.

While one in three felt a loss of identity in most aspects of their life after having a baby.

NSW Minister for Mental Health Rose Jackson officially opened Gidget House and welcomed the service for expectant and new parents to the area.

CEO Gidget Foundation Australia Arabella Gibson, NSW Minister for Mental Health Rose Jackson, Lismore MP Janelle Saffin, Gidget Angel Kaiden Powell and Tresillian operations manager Rachael McLean at the opening of Gidget House in Lismore.

CEO Gidget Foundation Australia Arabella Gibson, NSW Minister for Mental Health Rose Jackson, Lismore MP Janelle Saffin, Gidget Angel Kaiden Powell and Tresillian operations manager Rachael McLean at the opening of Gidget House in Lismore.

Ms Jackson said families across the Northern Rivers had experienced unparalleled challenges over recent years with floods and threats of fires, whilst still navigating adjusting to early parenthood.

“This is why providing mental health support in regional communities such as Lismore and the surrounds is a top priority of ours,” she said.

“It’s important for expectant and new parents to have access to quality services like Gidget Foundation Australia in times of need and know that help is never too far away.”

Gidget Foundation Australia CEO Arabella Gibson said the expansion of face-to-face services across the state will provide much needed support for parents in regional locations.

“With half of parents in regional NSW reporting a lack of emotional and practical support after having a baby, it’s necessary for us to expand our services to reach more mums and dads who may be struggling,” Ms Gibson said.

“As part of our valued commitment to support the emotional wellbeing of expectant and new parents across the country, we’re hopeful our expansion to Lismore will provide a safe space for open conversations with perinatal specialist clinicians.”

It is estimated that perinatal depression and anxiety affect almost 100,000 expectant and new parents in Australia each year.

 

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Health News

Virtual reality is helping brain injury survivors regain use of their arms and hands

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Neuromersiv has created the Ulysses VR Upper Limb Therapy System Virtual reality (VR) to help people come back from brian ijuries.
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Virtual reality is helping brain injury survivors regain use of their arms and hands

 

Survivors of brain injuries caused by stroke and other serious events can lose function in their arms and hands. An Australian company is creating a virtual reality therapy system to help survivors regain the use of these limbs.

Making brain injury therapy more engaging

Getting better after brain injury is hard work. Survivors need therapy to help the brain to heal. But therapy can be boring and repetitive. This means survivors don’t always do as much therapy as they need.

To make therapy more engaging, Australian company Neuromersiv has created the Ulysses VR Upper Limb Therapy System. Using a wireless virtual reality (VR) headset, brain injury survivors can do therapy by performing rewards-based, gamified activities in realistic environments.

An immersive environment

‘As soon as the person puts on the headset, they are totally immersed,’ CEO Anshul Dayal enthuses. ‘Like with gamers, dopamine kicks in and they want to keep going. So VR creates the motivation to keep doing your therapy. That can lead to better function recovery.’

The Ulysses VR software is available to buy in Australia and Britain. ‘I am proud we’ve taken this to market. We’re seeing people use it and give us positive feedback,’ Anshul says.

Wearable glove

As part of the Ulysses therapy system, Neuromersiv has also developed a hand and arm wearable glove. The glove helps users activate their muscles and receive real-time sensory feedback from VR environments. It combines two therapy modes with the VR software.

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) therapy helps brain injury survivors activate muscles they can’t move. Electrodes in the glove send small electrical currents through key points on the forearm muscles to stimulate extension and flexion.

New neural pathways

‘If the survivor is trying to brush their teeth in virtual reality but they just can’t grab the virtual toothbrush, the FES can assist with the grabbing action by stimulating flexion of the wrist and fingers,’ Anshul explains.

‘This stimulation creates a feedback loop that can be a catalyst for the brain to form new neural pathways to recover lost function. This is often referred to as brain neuroplasticity and is the key to long-term functional recovery.’

Neuromersiv has created the Ulysses VR Upper Limb Therapy System Virtual reality (VR) to help people come back from brian ijuries.

To make therapy more engaging, Australian company Neuromersiv has created the Ulysses VR Upper Limb Therapy System.

Sensory feedback

The team is also combining tactile feedback, or haptics, with the glove. For example, when users brush their teeth in virtual reality, they get a vibration effect on their fingers.

‘The goal is to enhance the sensory feedback because that helps the brain start to recognise the end of the fingertips, Anshul tells us. ‘When the person stops doing that task, they still feel tingling on the fingertips. That helps reactivate those neural connections.’

‘We are building a system that has multiple layers. Combining the visual and sensory aspects could improve functional recovery,’ Anshul concludes.

‘We think we are the first company in the world to combine FES, haptics and virtual reality.’

Technical challenges

The team had to overcome technical challenges to achieve this. Cameras on the virtual reality headset track users’ hands as they do therapy. The team’s first prototype had an exoskeleton design that impeded the hand tracking and overall usability. This was refined through user testing and design modifications.

‘For the FES, we created a sleeve with adjustable electrodes to wrap on the forearm,’ Anshul says. ‘For the haptics, we created a unique system of finger caps connected by soft & thin wires. It goes on top of the hand and doesn’t interfere with the tracking.

‘The next challenge was creating a wireless control unit for the glove that was compact and lightweight.’

Approval to sell the glove in Australia

Neuromersiv is planning a pivotal clinical trial to develop further clinical evidence on the safety and efficacy of the glove. With this evidence they will seek regulatory approval from the Therapeutic Goods Administration to commercialise the glove in Australia.

‘When you work with people in their homes and clinics, it can be confronting see the challenges they can face after the brain injury. That inspires me to help people through this Ulysses solution,’ Anshul says.

‘I have seen proof that when they use the system, they feel motivated and excited. They feel this can really help their therapy, and that’s quite rewarding.’

The MRFF-funded MTPConnect Biomedtech Horizons program funded Ulysses with $994,000.

 

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Health News

Think Twice About Asbestos

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asbestos in a roof. National Asbestos Awareness week
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Think Twice About Asbestos

 

It’s easy to forget that asbestos is still present in millions of Australian properties, but it’s a fact, that if a house was built or renovated before 1990, there’s a good chance it contains asbestos.

“National Asbestos Awareness week (20 -26 Nov) is a good opportunity to remind everyone to ‘Think Twice About Asbestos’ when planning any renovations, repairs or other work on buildings that may contain asbestos” said Karen Rudkin, Project Coordinator at North East Waste.

“Although many people know that asbestos cement sheeting was used for walls and roofs they often don’t realise that asbestos was used in thousands of other building products including vinyl floor tiles, adhesives, paints, textured coatings and insulation’ Ms Rudkin said.

North East Waste and councils across the Northern Rivers are working together with the NSW Environmental Protection Authority to help reduce the risk of exposure to asbestos by supporting the safe management and disposal of asbestos containing materials.

Bathroom reno with asbestos being removed.

To keep yourself and your family safe around asbestos, take these simple steps:

  1. Get in the know – plan ahead before starting any renovations and find out where asbestos is likely to be in your home.
  2. Take it slow – to avoid damaging or disturbing asbestos materials.
  3. Get a pro – know your limits. Contact a licensed asbestos professional for advice on where it might be located, and on how to manage or remove it.

As part of a regional scheme aimed at reducing the unsafe disturbance or removal of asbestos by home renovators, all Northern Rivers councils offer subsidised ‘Household Asbestos Testing’ (HAT) kits.

The kits include easy step-by-step instructions on how to take samples safely and send to a certified testing laboratory. The results are then emailed back to residents. If asbestos is identified and requires removal, residents are urged to use a licensed removal contractor to remove and dispose of it safely.

It is illegal to dispose of asbestos waste in any domestic or commercial bin and doing so can incur very heavy fines.  Asbestos waste should always be disposed of at a landfill licensed to accept it.

For further information about managing or disposing of household asbestos or obtaining a ‘Household Asbestos Testing (HAT) kit, contact your local council or visit the website here.

 For more information on asbestos safety and National Asbestos Awareness week, visit https://www.asbestos.nsw.gov.au

 

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