Understanding Depression in Older People
By Jeff Gibbs
What is Depression in Older People?
Depression is a mental health condition that can affect individuals of all ages, including older adults. Feeling down occasionally is normal, but depression is characterized by persistent low mood lasting two weeks or more, affecting everyday life. Older people may misattribute symptoms of depression to ageing, poor health, or dementia, which can delay seeking help. Early recognition and intervention are crucial, as depression is treatable, and recovery is possible.
How Common is Depression in Older People?
Over 1 in 10 older people and more than 3 in 10 residents in aged-care facilities experience depression. While not all older people become depressed, they are less likely to discuss their symptoms, seeking help only when symptoms become severe. Timely treatment can help most older adults recover effectively.
Causes of Depression in Older People
The three main contributors are poor physical health, social isolation, and loss.
- Poor Physical Health: Medical conditions like vitamin deficiencies, cancer, thyroid disease, and infections can trigger depression. Reduced mobility or conditions like arthritis may lead to increased dependency, loss of dignity, or fears about aged care. Certain medications, including blood pressure medicines, steroids, and painkillers, may also contribute.
- Social Isolation: Age-related challenges, such as the loss of friends or reduced ability to socialize, can lead to feelings of loneliness.
- Loss in Old Age: Loss of loved ones, health, independence, or pets can trigger depression. Coping well with loss is possible, but prolonged symptoms beyond 3–6 months may indicate depression.
Signs of Depression in Older People
Older adults may show physical rather than emotional symptoms, such as:
- Dizziness, aches and pains, or weight loss
- Difficulty sleeping (insomnia)
- Changes in behaviour, such as withdrawal, lack of interest, or excessive alcohol use
- Suicidal thoughts, reflected in talking about death or giving away possessions
If signs persist for two weeks or more, seek professional help.
Treatment for Depression in Older People
- Medical Treatments: Antidepressants can be effective but may take longer to work in older adults.
- Therapies: Psychotherapy, like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), is proven to help.
- Self-help and Lifestyle Changes: Encouraging physical activity, social connections, and participation in therapies like music can aid recovery.
For severe cases, treatments like Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) may be considered.
How to Support Older Adults with Depression
Discuss concerns openly, encouraging them to see a doctor. Reduce isolation by arranging visits or engaging them in community activities. Remind them that depression is treatable, even in later life.
Resources and Support
For immediate crisis support, call 000, Lifeline (13 11 14), or the Suicide Call Back Service (1300 659 467).
For ongoing help:
- Beyond Blue: Call 1300 224 636 for support and resources.
- Black Dog Institute: Offers fact sheets and treatment information.
- healthdirect: Speak to a nurse 24/7 at 1800 022 222.
Specialised support is also available for LGBTQI+ individuals (Qlife: 1800 184 527) and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. For multicultural resources, visit Embrace Mental Health.
Depression in older adults is a medical condition, not a weakness. Seeking help is the first step toward recovery.
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