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Health News

Covid-19 reinfections add to the risk of acute complications and long Covid

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Covid-19 reinfections add to the risk of acute complications and long Covid

Regular screening with very highly sensitive rapid antigen tests are a key factor in reducing transmission

In the early days of the pandemic, it was rare to hear of people catching Covid twice. The Omicron variant that emerged in late November has changed that.

As new variants have emerged, and immunity from previous infection and immunisation has reduced, reinfection with Covid-19 is becoming increasingly common. Some people have been infected four times in the past two years.

A study published in March from the South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis found the risk of reinfection has “increased substantially”. This is supported by research from scientists at Imperial College, London that reports the chance of testing positive again is 5.4 times greater with Omicron than Delta.

And now there are several omicron variants circulating around the world, all of which are highly transmissible and very good at overcoming immunity, whether it’s from vaccination, prior infection or both. These omicron variants don’t just evade the protection one may have gained from a non-omicron version of SARS-CoV-2; they make it possible to catch the newer variants of omicron even if the infected person has had the original omicron variant before.

According to a report from July 8, the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee acknowledge that reinfections can occur as early as within 28 days and has adjusted the reinfection period from 12 weeks to 28 days.

Of more concern however, is the theory that reinfections may, in fact, be enhancing the disease, where a misfiring immune response to the first infection exacerbates the second. In dengue fever, for example, antibodies to an initial infection can help dengue viruses of another serotype enter cells, leading to a more severe and sometimes fatal second infection. And in other diseases, the first infection triggers ineffective, non-neutralising antibodies and T cells, hampering a more effective response the second time around.

Repeatedly catching Covid-19 appears to increase the chances that a person will face new and sometimes lasting health problems after their infection.

Dr Ziyad Al-Aly, a clinical epidemiologist and chief of research and development at Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System compared the health records of more than 250,000 people who had tested positive for Covid-19 one time with records from 38,000 others who had two or more documented Covid-19 infections. More than 5.3 million people with no record of a Covid-19 infection were used as the control group.

Among those with reinfections, 36,000 people had two Covid-19 infections, roughly 2,200 had caught Covid-19 three times and 246 had been infected four times. Common new diagnosis after reinfections included chest pain, abnormal heart rhythms, heart attacks, inflammation of the heart muscle or the sac around the heart, heart failure and blood clots. Common lung issues included shortness of breath, low blood oxygen, lung disease and accumulation of fluid around the lungs.

The study found that the risk of a new health problem was highest around the time of a Covid-19 reinfection, but that it also persisted for at least six months. The increased risk was present whether someone had been vaccinated or not, and it was graded – meaning it increased with each subsequent infection.

Al-Aly said there is this idea that if you have had Covid before, your immune system is trained to recognise it and is more equipped to fight it, and if you’re getting it again, maybe it doesn’t affect you that much – but that just isn’t true. What this study shows is that each infection brings new risk, and that risk accumulates over time.

Even when viruses shape shift – as influenza does – our immune system generally retains its memory of how to recognise and fight off some part of them. They may still make us ill, but the idea is that our prior immunity is there to mount some kind of defence and keep us from serious harm. With coronaviruses, and especially SARS-Cov-2 coronaviruses, the hits just keep coming.

Already there’s another omicron subvariant that has caught the attention of virologists: BA.2.75 was first detected in India in early May. Since then, it’s been found in Europe, the United States, New Zealand and Australia. The chief scientist with the World Health Organisation (WHO), Soumya Swaminathan, has said that BA.2.75 appears to have mutated in a way that could indicate “major immune escape” but it’s too soon to know whether it will overtake BA.5 as the dominant variant.

Graham Gordon, Founder and CEO of Gardian, an Australian-based MedTech company that has developed a robust, and verifiable Covid screening program that effectively eliminates Covid ingress onsite said: “We understand pandemic fatigue, but the virus is not done with us.

“Unfortunately, many people are viewing the pandemic as part of the fabric of modern life rather than an urgent health emergency. There is a significant resurgence, and we’re seeing increasing numbers of infections. Clearly this is a global concern.”

Australia is nearing the numbers of Covid hospitalisations and daily deaths it saw during the January peak, but these are just the tip of the iceberg. As Covid hospitalisations increase, it strains other areas of the health system. And beyond the direct suffering of such a massive outbreak, there are likely to be economic disruptions as tens of thousands of people become too sick to work.

“We are already being warned that a new batch of variants could come out of the blue,” said Gordon. “So, if you are at higher risk of serious illness or just want to avoid getting sick, it’s a good time to be wearing a N95 mask in public and using a rapid antigen test that has a low level of detection (LoD) so that you can detect infection prior to becoming infectious.

“The same precautions used to prevent infection over the past two years are as relevant today as they have always been – wearing masks, social distancing, vaccinations, and a robust screening process are still necessary – and they work just as well for avoiding reinfection.”

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$34.2 Million Boost for Health Worker Accommodation in Northern NSW

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Health Worker Accommodation in Northern NSW

$34.2 Million Boost for Health Worker Accommodation in Northern NSW

 

Robert Heyward

Healthcare workers in Grafton, Lismore, and Tweed will soon benefit from new and upgraded accommodation, as the Minns Labor Government invests $34.2 million to attract, recruit, and retain essential health staff in Northern NSW.

This funding is part of the $200.1 million Key Health Worker Accommodation program, which supports more than 20 projects across rural, regional, and remote NSW.

Expanding Housing for Health Workers

The four-year program will secure approximately 120 dwellings across regional NSW, including:

  • Newly built accommodation
  • Refurbishment of existing living quarters
  • Purchase of suitable properties, such as residential units

This initiative will help recruit and retain over 500 healthcare workers and their families, ensuring they have access to modern, sustainable housing while strengthening regional health services.

The investment builds on the success of the NSW Government’s previous $73.2 million commitment to key health worker accommodation across five regional Local Health Districts (Far West, Murrumbidgee, Southern NSW, Hunter New England, and Western NSW).

Government Support for Regional Health Workers

Minister for Regional Health, Ryan Park:

“The Minns Labor Government is committed to providing modern, sustainable accommodation for the key health workers who are the backbone of our regional, rural, and remote communities.”

“Strengthening our regional health workforce is a key priority, and this $34.2 million investment will help attract vital healthcare workers to Grafton, Lismore, and the Tweed.”

Member for Lismore, Janelle Saffin:

“This program is ensuring our frontline health workers have access to high-quality, sustainable housing when they need it most.”

Labor Spokesperson for Clarence and Tweed, Emily Suvaal, MLC:

“Housing remains a major issue in our region, and this investment will not only support our hardworking health staff but also contribute to the broader community by increasing local housing stock.”

Building a Stronger Regional Health Workforce

By improving access to housing, the Key Health Worker Accommodation program ensures that Northern NSW Local Health District can continue delivering high-quality healthcare to communities across the region.

This initiative is part of the Minns Labor Government’s broader commitment to strengthening the regional, rural, and remote health workforce—creating better conditions for frontline staff while boosting health services for local communities.

 

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First NSW Festival to Launch Pill Testing Trial

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Pill Testing Trial NSW

First NSW Festival to Launch Pill Testing Trial

 

By Robert Heyward

The Minns Labor Government has announced that Yours and Owls Festival, held on March 1 and 2, will be the first event to take part in New South Wales’ pill testing trial.

While illicit drugs remain illegal in NSW, the government emphasises that this initiative does not condone drug use. Instead, the trial aims to reduce harm by offering festivalgoers access to qualified health professionals who can provide safety advice.

The free, anonymous service allows attendees to submit a small sample of substances they intend to consume. These will be analysed for purity, potency, and potential harmful additives by trained professionals. Health workers and peer educators will be on-site to explain the testing limitations and provide harm reduction information.

Importantly, no drug will be deemed “safe” to use. Patrons will be reminded that all drug use carries risks and that the only way to avoid harm is not to take drugs at all. If needed, attendees will be referred to health and welfare services available at the festival or in the broader community.

NSW Health and NSW Police are collaborating with festival organisers to ensure the trial is safely and effectively implemented. The program will run alongside existing medical and harm reduction services at participating events.

The trial, set to run for 12 months, will be independently evaluated. The government is also working with other festivals to explore their involvement.

This initiative follows the Government’s Drug Summit, which concluded in December. The summit’s co-chairs provided interim recommendations supporting festival-based drug testing as a harm reduction measure.

By introducing this trial, the NSW Government aims to gather evidence on whether pill testing can improve safety at music festivals.

Further information on the NSW Drug Checking trial can be found here.

 

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Experts to Research Harms of Screen-Related Addiction in Young People

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Screen-use addiction in young people

Experts to Research Harms of Screen-Related Addiction in Young People

 

By Robert Heyward

The Minns Labor Government is bolstering its efforts to address the adverse effects of excessive screen time on young people with the award of research grants totaling $2.5 million through the Screen Use and Addiction Research Fund. Nine research projects – including three PhD scholarships – have been granted funding to build a robust evidence base that will inform future government policies aimed at safeguarding children’s mental health, development, and learning.

The newly funded research initiatives will analyze a range of data, including mental health metrics and NAPLAN outcomes, alongside screen use data from a study by the Black Dog Institute involving 5,500 NSW adolescents. One study will even leverage existing longitudinal data on adolescent wellbeing and learning outcomes, while another will form part of an ongoing investigation into the effects of recreational screen time on high school students. Together, these projects will contribute to New South Wales’ first comprehensive database on the impact of screen use on young people.

This initiative is part of a broader strategy by the Minns Labor Government to mitigate screen-related harms—a strategy that also includes banning mobile phones in all NSW public schools, co-hosting a world-leading social media summit, updating the school syllabus to include lessons on online safety and responsibility, and recruiting an additional 250 school counsellors across NSW public schools.

Overview of Key Projects:

  1. Effects of Recreational Screen Use on the Mental and Physical Health of Australian High School Students:
    A collaboration among the Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Australian Catholic University, University of Queensland, and Flinders University. Led by Associate Professor Aliza Werner-Seidler, this project will identify causal relationships between digital device use, wellbeing, and academic outcomes by leveraging longitudinal adolescent data.
  2. Best Practice in Screen Use for Education:
    A consortium of NSW universities—including Macquarie University, University of Wollongong, and others—led by Professor Matt Bower. This project aims to evaluate the impact of screens on K–12 learning environments and to establish effective practices for digital learning interventions.
  3. The Impact of Excessive Screen Time on Students’ Academic Achievement, Cognitive Functioning, and Mental Health:
    Led by Professor Ben Edwards at the Australian National University, this ten-year longitudinal study will utilize statistical modelling of data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children to explore the effects of screen use outside school hours.
  4. Seeing the Bigger Picture: Exploring Children’s Screen Time and Outcomes through Collaborative Data Analysis:
    Involving multiple institutions such as Australian Catholic University, La Trobe University, University of Queensland, and others, Dr Taren Sanders will use meta-analyses to develop evidence summaries that inform safe and effective classroom screen use.
  5. Screen Time, Sleep, and Development in Preschoolers and Those with, or at Risk of, Autism:
    A multi-institution collaboration led by researchers from the University of Newcastle, Monash University, and additional partners. This project will investigate the links between screen time, sleep, cognition, language, behaviour, and wellbeing in preschool-aged children.
  6. Identifying the Links Between Video Game Play and Wellbeing:
    Conducted by a team from the University of Wollongong, Queensland University of Technology, University of Queensland, and the University of Victoria (Canada), this research aims to unravel the causal impacts of video game play on wellbeing among secondary students and to develop educational resources for preventing problematic gaming.

PhD Scholarships:

  1. Madeleine Gale (University of Newcastle):
    Assessing the relationship between screen time, sleep, and language development in children aged 3 to 5 years, with a focus on variables such as duration, content, time of day, and interactivity.
  2. Samantha Playford (University of Newcastle):
    Examining differences in language development between autistic and typically developing children aged 3 to 5 years, and exploring how screen time and sleep behaviours influence these outcomes.
  3. William Tregea (University of Wollongong):
    Formative research aimed at co-designing an intervention to promote healthy screen use among young children in culturally diverse communities in Southern Western Sydney, in partnership with NSW Health’s SWS Local Health District.

Minister for Education and Early Learning Prue Car commented, “Many parents are concerned about how smartphones and devices are affecting their children’s mental health and development. We still don’t know enough about how this new technology impacts our children. That is why we committed to establishing this fund – to build up a body of reliable facts and research for families. This research can be used to inform evidence-based policies that benefit students for years to come.”

All grant recipients are required to deliver their findings by 2026, marking a significant step towards developing comprehensive, evidence-based strategies to mitigate the harms associated with excessive screen time among young people.

 

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What You Need to Know About Australia’s $573 Million Women’s Health Package

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Women's Health Package - menopause

What You Need to Know About Australia’s $573 Million Women’s Health Package

 

By Ian Rogers

The federal government has unveiled a $573 million women’s health package, promising significant savings for younger women on oral contraceptives and older women experiencing menopause. The new measures aim to make essential therapies and treatments more affordable while addressing long-overdue health concerns for Australian women.

Menopausal Hormone Therapy Subsidies

From 1 March, three menopausal hormone therapies—Estrogel Pro, Estrogel, and Prometrium—will be listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Currently, over 100,000 women pay around $650 per year for these medicines. Under the PBS, eligible patients will pay just $7.70 per month with a concession card or $31.60 per month for general patients.

Dr. Sonia Davison, endocrinology lead at the Jean Hailes Clinic, welcomed the change, saying it would make a “meaningful difference” to many women’s lives.

“For far too long, menopausal women have had their experiences dismissed and faced barriers to accessing affordable treatment options,” Dr. Davison said.

One in four women experiences severe or prolonged menopausal symptoms that can affect their quality of life. Symptoms include hot flushes, night sweats, sleep deprivation, joint pain, mood changes, and decreased concentration, often lasting around seven years.

New Oral Contraceptive Pills on the PBS

The package also includes the first PBS listing of new oral contraceptive pills in more than 30 years. Yaz and Yasmin will now be available at a subsidised price, helping 50,000 women save hundreds of dollars annually.

Women who currently pay around $380 per year for non-PBS listed contraceptive pills will now pay $126.40 annually, or $30.80 with a concession card.

Savings on Long-Term Contraceptive Procedures

The government will also increase Medicare payments to doctors and nurse practitioners for the bulk-billed insertion and removal of long-term contraceptive devices such as implants and intrauterine devices (IUDs).

Medicare rebates for these services will rise by up to 150%, with around 300,000 women expected to save up to $400 in out-of-pocket costs annually.

Future Investments and Expanded Services

Other measures in the $573.3 million package are expected to roll out after the upcoming election, should Labor secure another term. These include:

  • Increased Medicare rebates for menopause health assessments and long-term contraceptive procedures
  • New pelvic pain clinics
  • Further investments in perimenopause and menopause services

Health Minister Mark Butler said the absence of new contraceptive pills or menopausal hormone therapies on the PBS for decades demonstrated the system’s failure to meet women’s needs.

“Today’s announcement is a tribute to all the Australian women who have worked so hard, for so long, to have their voices heard and acknowledged,” Mr. Butler said.

A Shift Toward Addressing Women’s Health Needs

Assistant Health Minister Ged Kearney described the package as an effort to “shift the dial on an entrenched culture of medical misogyny.”

The opposition welcomed the initiative, with health spokeswoman Anne Ruston pledging that the Coalition would match the funding. However, she also expressed concern about the increasing difficulty and cost for Australian women to access primary care.

The Australian Medical Association highlighted funding for long-term contraceptives and the expansion of clinics to support menopause and perimenopause as key steps in addressing the health needs of Australian women.

 

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Tweed Valley Hospital to Gain Additional Car Parking Spaces

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Tweed Valley Hospital Parking

Tweed Valley Hospital to Gain Additional Car Parking Spaces

 

By Jeff Gibbs

Patients, staff, and visitors at Tweed Valley Hospital will soon benefit from 130 additional free car parking spaces, enhancing access and convenience at the state-of-the-art hospital. This upgrade will boost total parking capacity to over 1,300 spaces across the hospital campus.

The $723.3 million Tweed Valley Hospital, which opened in May 2024, has transformed healthcare delivery in the region. It offers new and expanded services for around 5,000 patients annually, including interventional cardiology and radiotherapy, which means locals can now access life-saving treatments close to home rather than traveling outside the region.

Operational Review Leads to Enhancements

The decision to add parking and improve traffic management followed an operational review of the hospital’s transport and traffic arrangements. The upgrades aim to maximise the available space and improve the efficiency of existing car parking areas. Key improvements will include:

  • 130 new street-level car parking spaces
  • New signage and line marking
  • Enhanced parking management systems

Work will begin in the coming months and will be carried out in stages to minimise disruption to patients, staff, and visitors. The project is expected to be completed by the end of 2025.

Community and Staff Welcomed the Upgrades

Minister for Regional Health Ryan Park said the project reflects the government’s commitment to improving access to healthcare for local residents:
“We’ve listened to valuable feedback from Tweed Valley Hospital staff and the community. I’m delighted to announce we will deliver additional car parking to further enhance access to the hospital and vital health services for the local community.”

Labor Spokesperson for Tweed, Emily Suvaal MLC, emphasised how the additional parking would boost convenience and capacity:
“The additional car parking and enhancements to traffic arrangements will provide more options for patients, staff, and visitors. In the nine months since opening, the hospital has already welcomed 787 babies in its new birthing suites. This project ensures the hospital will continue to meet the growing health needs of our region.”

Commitment to Free Parking

Federal Member for Richmond Justine Elliot reiterated the importance of free parking at the facility:

“NSW Labor made a rock-solid commitment that parking would be free for staff, visitors, and patients. Thanks to all in our community who fought so hard for this, and for the additional free car parking spaces. Labor listens and Labor acts.”

Northern NSW Local Health District Chief Executive Tracey Maisey added that the upgrades will greatly improve the hospital experience for everyone:

“Additional parking will make a real difference to our patients, visitors, and especially our staff. These practical steps will help ensure we continue to deliver first-class healthcare to our community.”

Project Timeline and Community Updates

The project is being funded as part of the Tweed Valley Hospital Redevelopment, in partnership with Northern NSW Local Health District and Health Infrastructure. Staff and the community will receive regular updates as work progresses to ensure they are informed about the enhancements.

For more information about the Tweed Valley Hospital and parking updates, visit the Northern NSW Local Health District website.

 

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